Of Ostriches, Frogs, Birds and Lizards
New online paper with Chenchen Li and Ling Zhang on cultural identity negotation strategies
I have been working with Ling Eleanor Zhang for quite a while now. We have published an article on the use of host country language by expatriates and a book on Managing Expatriates in China. Today, I am happy to announce another paper, first-authored by Chenchen Li, about cultural identity negotiation strategies, providing a typology of four different strategies. Ling will be blogging about its content in a more accessible format soon, but I just wanted to share the abstract and typology here.
- Li, C.; Zhang, L.E.; Harzing, A.W. (2019) Of Ostriches, Frogs, Birds and Lizards: A Dynamic Framework of Cultural Identity Negotiation Strategies in an Era of Global Mobility, Journal of Global Mobility, vol. 7, no. 3, pp. 239-254. Available online... - Publisher's version - Related blog post
Abstract
Purpose
In response to the somewhat paradoxical combination of increasing diversity in the global workforce and the resurgence of nationalism in an era of global mobility, this article aims to uncover how employees on international assignments respond to exposure to new cultures. Specifically, the study aims to explicate the underlying psychological mechanisms linking expatriates’ monocultural, multicultural, global and cosmopolitan identity negotiation strategies with their responses towards the host culture by drawing upon exclusionary and integrative reactions theory in cross-cultural psychology.
Design/Methodology/Approach
This conceptual article draws on the perspective of exclusionary versus integrative reactions towards foreign cultures – a perspective rooted in cross-cultural psychology research – to categorize expatriates’ responses towards the host culture. More specifically, the study elaborates how two primary activators of expatriates’ responses towards the host culture – the salience of home-culture identity and a cultural learning mindset – explain the relationship between cultural identity negotiation strategies and expatriates’ exclusionary and integrative responses, providing specific propositions on how each type of cultural identity negotiation strategy is expected to be associated with expatriates’ exclusionary and integrative responses towards the host culture.
Findings
The present study proposes that 1) expatriates’ adoption of a monocultural identity negotiation strategy is positively associated with exclusionary responses towards the host culture and is negatively associated with integrative responses towards the host culture; 2) expatriates’ adoption of a multicultural identity negotiation strategy is positively associated with both exclusionary responses and integrative responses towards the host culture; 3) expatriates’ adoption of a global identity negotiation strategy is negatively associated with exclusionary responses towards the host culture; 4) expatriates’ adoption of a cosmopolitan identity negotiation strategy is negatively associated with exclusionary responses, and positively associated with integrative responses towards the host culture. The following metaphors for these different types of cultural identity negotiation strategies are introduced: “ostrich” (monocultural strategy), “frog” (multicultural strategy), “bird” (global strategy) and “lizard” (cosmopolitan strategy).
Originality/value
The proposed dynamic framework of cultural identity negotiation strategies illustrates the sophisticated nature of expatriates’ responses to new cultures. This article also emphasizes that cross-cultural training tempering expatriates’ exclusionary reactions and encouraging integrative reactions is crucial for more effective expatriation in a multicultural work environment.
Related blogposts
- The bridging role of expatriates and inpatriates
- Not all international assignments are equal
- The double-edged sword of ethnic similarity
- Why is learning the host country language important for expatriates?
- Language in International Business: A review and agenda for future research
- The benefits of being understood
- The double-edged sword of ethnic similarity
Copyright © 2022 Anne-Wil Harzing. All rights reserved. Page last modified on Thu 2 Jun 2022 13:09
Anne-Wil Harzing is Professor of International Management at Middlesex University, London and visiting professor of International Management at Tilburg University. She is a Fellow of the Academy of International Business, a select group of distinguished AIB members who are recognized for their outstanding contributions to the scholarly development of the field of international business. In addition to her academic duties, she also maintains the Journal Quality List and is the driving force behind the popular Publish or Perish software program.
